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advantage of environment

Environmental advantages

      Natural gas vehicles are of great advantage to the environment Firstly, natural gas car CO2 emissions are lower than oil and petrol, contributing less to global warming. Secondly, harmful nitrogen compound emissions ( Nox), are far below European limits.



  Lower CO2 emission CO2 is a greenhouse gas and the largest source of global warming among the human-made emissions. Among the fossil fuels, natural gas makes less CO2 per energy unit. CO2 emissions per kilometer also depend on engine efficiency or fuel consumption per kilometer.

A group of experts chosen by the European Commission analysed cars in the VW Golf category, focusing on the expected development in motor technology. The investigation is a well-to-wheels-study which analyses greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency, and costs of 75 different pathways — the whole process from the primary energy source to final use.

  The report concludes that in 2010, natural gas cars are expected to have 22% lower CO2 emissions than petrol cars, and 15% lower than diesel cars. It also concludes that this advantage can be increased by optimising motor technology, since natural gas holds a bigger efficiency potential than the diesel technology. Introducing hybrid cars will still have a great impact.

  Very low NOx emission Emissions are regulated by Euro norms for larger vehicles. The Euro 3 norm regulates current demands but will gradually tighten to Euro 5 norm by 2009. EEV is the Enhanced Environmental Vehicle standard and is the maximum emission for a vehicle if it is to be characterized as friendly to the environment. MAN E2866 DUH 03 is the bus which is used for the demo project, and an illustration of the bus is included as an example of the present standard of natural gas engines.

   Even though emission demands will tighten with Euro 4 and Euro 5, natural gas technology available today is already far below those future limits and also below the even more demanding EEV standard. Natural gas bus NOx emissions are less than 1/5 of the Euro 5 (and EEV) demands, and particle emissions are less than 1/4 of the Euro 5 limit. So despite tightening Euro norms, we can achieve considerable environmental improvements in the future by using natural gas vehicles.

As mentioned earlier, the relation between NO and NO2 is of great importance, and here natural gas busses provide us with an additional advantage, since the NO2 share is less than for diesel busses, both with and without particle filters.

Collection of ecosystem is biodiversity

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

                   

        Climate change is being accelerated by biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. Healthy   ecosystems—for example, forests and bogs—contain massive carbon reservoirs and are vital to regulating the global climate. While climate change poses an immense challenge today, the continued degradation of these ecosystems threatens to greatly increase greenhouse gas emissions and intensify the negative effects of climate change in the future. The sustained supply of certain ecosystem services—such as stream flow regulation in drought prone areas—will be critical in buffering human populations from the adverse impacts of climate change, which include coastal flooding, droughts and other hazards. Healthy and diverse natural ecosystems are expected to be more resilient in the face of climate change than ones that have been degraded.

As part of its assistance to countries to develop green, low-emission and climate-resilient strategies (Green LECRDS), UNDP supports activities that are aimed at managing ecosystems to improve their climate change mitigation and adaptation potential. Of the projects in UNDP’s biodiversity portfolio, at least 78 have taken measures—direct and/or indirect—associated with climate change adaptation. These efforts are represented by the adoption of alternative fuel sources, the collection of native plant genotypes, and the inclusion of particularly vulnerable species and ecosystems in protected areas.

 A key element of the UNDP biodiversity strategy is restoration and sustainable management of carbon pools in natural ecosystems. For example, GEF-funded projects in South East Asia and Europe have been working to reduce carbon emissions from peatlands: peatland degradation has the potential to emit greenhouse gases, which—according to different estimates—could have a global warming potential that is equivalent to 13-30% of the global emissions from fossil fuel combustion.

The UN REDD Programme, a joint initiative of UNDP, UNEP and the FAO, is working with nine countries around the world (Tanzania, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bolivia, Paraguay, Panama, Indonesia, Vietnam and Papua New Guinea) to strengthen the governance framework for forest management. This work is intended to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to attract payments from developed countries for the avoided carbon emissions.

addition of biodivercity is environment

Attention to environmental issues has increased since the 1980s bringing such vital issues to the attention of officials and the public at large.  The government is aware that the conservation of the environment is not an issue of the day but rather of the future and long-term nature, that affects the resources of future generations.

The official attention to the environment has been reflected in the establishment of the Environmental Protection Council (EPC).  The EPC is a supervisory and coordinating body entrusted with designing environmental policies, legislation, environmental standards, following up changes on environmental conditions, proposition of remedies to environmental problems and training and strengthening public awareness.  The Environmental Protection Law of 1995 has asserted such mandate further stipulating the additional responsibility of EPC in terms of environmental surveying, monitoring and follow-up of the implementation of environmental legislation.

The official attention to the environment has been complemented with a popular response.  Several NGOs were established like the Yemeni Society for the Conservation of the Environment, the Pro-environment AL Nahl Association for Environment Conservation, the Association for the Protection of Archaeology and Coastlines and the Association for the Protection of Birds. In addition, there is increasing environment attention by researchers and academics and the establishment of friends of the environment groups, which exist in several schools.

Interrelationship between human beings and natural resources

     Human beings and natural resources are closely interrelate to each other.On the one hand,human resouyrce is quite essentialfothe socio-economic development of a nation and on the other,rapid population growth is theratening the existamce of human life by creatin imbalance between population and natural resources.The view of social scientists is that population with groth rate of one percent needs a growth of natural resources of four percent to maintain the optimum living stander.The mode of utilization of resources should maintain sustainability in the society.

     Natural resources are very essential to sustain the life of human being.But rapid population growth has inreased the demand of the resources.It has caused the over expioitation of resources.Thus,natural resources are being degraded.Landslide,soilerosiosn,pollution,flood,climate change,etc.are the mjore problems for the environment degradation.

    Man is the consumer and preserver fo the resources.Human being should not misuse the resources.people should consume these resources rationally.Rapid population growth over-exploits the natural resources.So,population growth should be checked.Similarly,human avtivities should be in accordance with carrying capacity of the earth.Long-term vision and effective planning are essential while carrying development works.The relationship between human beings and components of natural resources.

Important of natural resources

The most important free gifts of nature are land,water,forest,solar energy,wldlife,mountain,mineral etc.Pepole use this resources for the existance on this earth.All this living creature depend on natural resources for there survival,groth,reproductionand development.Water,air,support the life of living beings.Simlarly forest,wildlife,land,mineral  are essenyial for our welfare,development and prosperity.Thius,natural resource are the insepartable part of human beings.

1)Source of basic development:Natural resourcessuch as land,air,water,forest, are thesource of basic needs.People plant various crops on the land for their survival.Fresh air and water are taken from the natural resources.These are the essential things for the survival of living creatures.

2)Ecenomic development:To develop the agriculture,trade,industery,there is a need of natural resources like forests products, animals products, etc.If the naturalresources are properly cunsumed,the countery can be economically developed.Natural resources,attributing tothe beauty of the nature,promotes the tourism industry.Water and air are used to generate electricity,mineral resources are used for constructional purpose.Medical herbes are collected from the natural resources.All these resources contribute for the economic advancement of a nation.

3)Natural beauty:Natural resources in fact keep and maintain the beauty of nature.The natural resources like mountains,rivers,lakes,streams,pounds,spings,forests,animals,birds,enhance the beauty of nature.These attract thousands of tourists every year.It helps for the economic development.

4)Tourism development:the natural resources such as the high mountains,rivers,lakes,ponds,waterfalls,wild animals,birds,fcrests attract many tourists.people can have the pleasure of these aspects fo nature.so,the people from various countries come to nepal to observe the beauty of nature so do the people even of our country.

5)Source of religious:Natural resources are also important from the religious and cultural point of view.We need the things like bel,flower,water,etc.to perform the religious activities.These are obtained from natural resources.Various people offer various crops to the god remembering their parents.Thus,natural resources are important to conduct religious activities too.

6)Area of study and research:Nature is a very complex phenomenon.It provides lots of opportunities for the study and research to envent and explore new one.Many people have researched the various speecies,plants,animals and birds.It has widened our area of study.

7)Provide shelter:Natural resources like land,forest,water,etc.provide shelter for various living beings.Many creatures including man get shelter on the land and soil.Forest provides the shelter for wildlife.Similarly,the aquatic animals get their shelter in water.

CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Classification of natureal resources:

             People get different things from the natural environment .Some resources avilable in natural environment can be easily and directly used .For example, solarenergy ,water,fruits from plants ,etc. Some of the natural resources cannot be used  sa easily.They need to be processed.For example,oil,iron,water,etc.The chart given below shows the classification of natural resources.

1)perpetual resources:The resources which do not get exhaunsed are called perpetual natural resources.For example solar energy,water tides and wind.There should be the maximum utililization

of such  resources because this are never finished.It serve thealternative source of energy and help to minimized theuse of non-renewable resources.

2)Renewable natural resources:The resources which can be replenished and do not change the ecological balance are known as renewable natural resources.Fresh air,fresh water,fertile soil,plants and animalsare its examples.Some resources sush as plants and animals are replaced frome time to time because they an life-cycle and continus harvest is possible.Hence,they are called renewable sreources.Man should the habit of consumind in such a waythet hey can be regnerated.I protect resources frome being perished.If this resources are indiscriminately used,therecan be their extinction.

3) Non-renuwable natural resources: Resources whice once used up will be extausted are non-renewable natural resources.Once they are used in ultimited way they can be easil replace.Mineral,fossil fuels,are its examples.Non-renewable resources are in limited amount .Therefor,they should be appropriate consume of this resources.If not they can befinished and it hard to get back.There should be search of alternative sources of this generation.